A Brief Note On Fraud And Small Businesses - 1565 Words

Victims - Fraud in Small Businesses, 2016). Both large and small companies require a certain amount of protection from fraudulent acts. To be naive in thinking that fraud would never occur within a company would be reckless. There are three key objectives when operating a business, whether large or small. These objectives include prevention, detection, and response, and should be implemented into every companies operations. When exploring preventative techniques, there a seven recommendations made by professionals to reduce the most often seen attacks of small business fraud and cybercrime. Most importantly a company should protect their assets, specifically their credit cards and bank accounts. Credit cards and bank accounts is a common source of fraud and should be recognized as the most important advice to adhere to (Beesley, 2013, para. 5).Professionals recommend â€Å"separating your personal banking and credit cards from your business accounts – this will ensure fraudsters don’t get their hands on all your money. This will also make it easier to track your business expenses and report deductions on your tax return† (Beesley, 2013, para. 5). It is also recommended that credit cards are not shared with employees within the company. There are many advancements in technology that allow for reduced use of having to tote around an actual credit card, for example, bills can be paid in advance online (Beesley, 2013, para. 6). Along with online bill pay, e-statements have alsoShow MoreRelatedBusiness Finance3656 Words   |  15 Pagesmeasurements the management could take in preventing fraud in the business Organisation. Also I will complete a flowchart, using the document names and labels given and writing a brief description for each document. Lastly, will finish the assignment by evaluating the importance of managing business finances, the importance and usefulness of Cash Flow Forecasts including a definition of a cash-flow forecast, explaining the reasons why businesses prepare cash-flow forecasts. Furthermore the purposeRead MoreBusiness Intelligence ( Bi )3077 Words   |  13 Pagessimilar to the methods of Taylor, using structured internal data analysis. Small teams were secreted away in back rooms where they did their work. The purpose was for internal decision support. Many versions of 1.0 still exist, as many people still use spreadsheets for analytics. Then people started to hear about packages, and a companies that came out with some advanced techniques. However, only 6 to 7 percent of the businesses could use this software. Most of the tools were even using historicalRead MoreInternet Fraud2358 Words   |  10 Pageswere only a few and small communities using the Internet. Less than a million people were in the â€Å"online world†. Today, the Internet has become a very significant part of life for most people, especially in industrialized countries. There are now over 50 million people online. All kinds of information are available through the Internet at less cost or no cost at all. The Internet provides facts and ideas that are useful for the society, but the Internet is also a tool for fraud. The Internet â€Å"isRead MoreBernie Madoff Essay5927 Words   |  24 PagesThe Bernard Madoff’s Fraud How Madoff Executed the Fraud Madoff’s scheme to defraud his clients at Bernard Lawrence Madoff Investment Securities began as early as 1980 and lasted until its exposure in 2008. Bernard carried out this scheme by soliciting billions of dollars under false pretenses, failing to invest investors’ funds as promised, and misappropriating and converting investors’ funds to benefit Madoff, himself, and others without the knowledge or authority of the investors. To executeRead MoreBernard Madoff Case4602 Words   |  19 PagesHello Student, Before you start to do this paper, one of the first things you should note is that, it is always advisable to read and understand what is required of you; so that when conducting your research you will know what to look for. I have provided you with a list of references at the end of this solution for which you can read through them before your start your analysis. After reading through articles/journals etc. you should then next proceed to create an outline of your analysis. ByRead MoreIntroduction. Predictive Analytics Is Quantitative Analysis1371 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Predictive Analytics is quantitative analysis to support predictions. Predictions of for example - product sales, costs, headcount, metrics; customer churn; credit scoring; cross sell / up sell opportunities; market campaign response; anomalies, fraud. SAP Predictive Analytics is business intelligence software from SAP that is designed to enable organizations to analyze large data sets and predict future outcomes and behaviors. For example, SAP Predictive Analytics can help make sense of big dataRead MoreObjective of Financial Accounting2155 Words   |  9 Pagesof debtors and creditors as well as real accounts are kept, it is possible to prepare Balance Sheet. 4. The transactions being recorded in the most scientific and systematic way gives the most reliable information of business. 5. It prevents fraud by rendering any alteration in any account more difficult. 6. It enables the trader to compare the different items, such as sales, purchases, opening stock and closing stock of one period with similar items of preceding period and the trader mayRead MoreAccounts Receivable Audit Program6401 Words   |  26 Pagesaccounts, notes, or other receivables captions of the | |balance sheet: | |   |General |   |Description or | | |Ledger | |Brief PurposeRead MoreBernard Madoff Fraud3396 Words   |  14 Pagessecurities activities, which eventually turned into an enormous fraud of incomparable size. In this report, you will begin to understand how Bernard Madoff was able to execute such an elaborate fraud. The illegal business behavior found in this case is too numerous to count however, quite a few will be identified. In addition, the roles of the perpetrators, accomplices, and their involvement in this scheme will be made known. This fraud had such an enormous impact on the victims, we will examineRead MoreBernard Madoff Fraud3413 Words   |  14 Pagessecurities activities, which eventually turned into an enormous fraud of incomparable size. In this report, you will begin to understand how Bernard Madoff was able to execute such an elaborate fraud. The illegal business behavior found in this case is too numerous to count however, quite a few will be identified. In addition, the roles of the perpetrators, accomplices, and their involvement in this scheme will be made known. This fraud had such an enormous impact on the victims, we will examine

The Foundation Of The U.s. National Security Policy

The foundation of the U.S. National Security Policy is on the Goldwater-Nichols Act. 1947, signed by U.S. President Ronald Reagan after the World War II, encouraging a restructure of the military through the National Security Act of 1947. The Department of War and the Department of Navy was unified into the National Military Establishment (NME), then renamed to Department of Defense with the purpose to have Army, Navy and Air Force into a unified structure. President Truman signed the National Security Act Amendment of 1949 in reflection to strategic changes to the Cold War facts. This paper explores the book review, performed by Robert B. McCalla and Melvin A. Goodman, of Richard J. Stoll’s â€Å"U.S. National Security Policy and the Soviet†¦show more content†¦In 1991, McCalla analyzes four different themes in Stoll’s book that seems to be suggestive and with no supportive information for discussion. The first theme is â€Å"the role of the military force in the nuclear era† (Stoll), promoting discussion about the use of force between US and USSR â€Å"conflict involvement in the pre and post-World War II eras† (McCalla). Stoll asserts in his notes that â€Å"changes [in the nuclear balance] can be turned into political-military leverage in a wide variety of situations,† but fails to provide concrete references and dates to support his statements. The second theme is â€Å"domestic influences on national security policy† (Stoll), which fails to explain in depth the â€Å"congressional and public support for defense spending and presidential actions† (McCalla). According to McCalla, Stoll provides useful information about the â€Å"long-term impact of World War II on the development of various services,† encouraging discussion on the subject. The third theme is â€Å"strategic nuclear warfare,† where Stoll exams the change of directions taken by the leaders. Moreover, McCalla describes S toll’s writing as of a â€Å"creative manner† to discuss about the â€Å"limiting nuclear war† without conclusive data. The final theme is the â€Å"defense of Western Europe† (Stoll) where per McCalla, Stoll provides â€Å"an intriguing discussion of possible European responses to a U.S. pull from Europe – even though the

Paradise Lost Satan Hero or Villain Essay Example For Students

Paradise Lost: Satan Hero or Villain? Essay Satan: Epic Hero or Villain?John Milton wrote one of the greatest epic poems of all time when he wroteParadise Lost in 1667. The book tells about mans creation and fall while detailingcharacters and the plot beyond what the Bible taught. One of these characters is Satan,which is one of the most argumented, controversial, and popular characters in the historyof literature. The reason for controversary is the unclarity of whether or not Satan is ahero or a villain. He contains many qualities that distinguish him as a hero. On the otherhand he also has qualities which say he is a villain. Scholars have written over time tosupport each argument of hero or villain and have explained why Milton decided tocreate such a character. In Paradise Lost there are many times where we see Satan partaking in heroicacts. His bravery and heroism is shown when he encounters Sin and Death at the gates ofhell. Whence and what art thou, execrable Shape, That darst, though grim and terrible, advanceThy miscereated front athwart my wayTo yonder gates? Through them I meant to pass,That be assured, without leave asked of thee. Retire, or taste they folly, and learn by proof,Hell-born, not to contend with the Spirits of Heaven. (Milton 80)This shows us Satan not being scared to fight. He looks Death right in the face and says that he doesnt get out of the way he will physically move him out of the way. By this readers are not impressed because it is only Satan, but a great heroic figure likeOdysseus would get praised for this. Satan is marked villain because of his reputation. But it is obvious that Satan is a hero for he contains so many heroic characteristicts. Another instance in the book in which Satan shows his heroism is when he is leading thecharge against Michael. A regular soldier would stay in the back of the army or lingeraround in the middle of the pack. But not Satan, he is right there in the front of theswarm leading his men. He has no hesitations even though he knows that he has verylittle chance to win. He would never show his men fear and by this he leads the chargeand gives him men confidence. This is only something in which a hero would do. Thisis something in which Odysseus a great hero had done. Satan also shows that he was smart and knew what to do in a complicatedsituation. This is shown when he is in battlle against the good angels, and Satan inventsthe cannon. We see the genius in Satan but he is still denied the title of hero. Any otherperson would be considered a hero for doing something great like this, but not Satan. Butit is so hard not to see him as one for all the heroic things he did. In the book we see Satans heroic qualities when he talks to his devils givingthem passion and confidence. I should be much open for war, O Peers,As no behind in hate, if what was urgedMain reason to persuade immediate warDid not dissuade me most, and seem to castOminous conjecture on the whole success.. Worth waiting, since our present lot appears For happy thought but ill, for ill not worst, I we procure not to ourselves more woe. (Milton 65-67)In this we see that Satan has great leadership qualities. He has the greatleadership as many other heroes of literature. He talks to his men with great passion anddesire, this allows them to feel every word that he is saying. When he finally finishes,they are ready to attack heaven. He has the attention of the devils so greatly that they feelhis words and want to live them out immediately. This great quality is shared again withOdysseus as he had the same great charisma when he rallied his troops before battle inthe underworld. Satans leadership is first seen when he stands up and takes control andleadership over all the devils. By this we see that Satan has the urge to lead and be incontrol of the situation. He would rather have it in his hands than someone elses. Yet heisnt given the credit he well deserves. Satan possesses another heroic quality and this is pride. He shows great pridethroughout the story and it is most seen when he admits he misses Gods grace. How dearly I adide that boast so vain,Under what torments inwardly I groan;While they adore me on the throne of Hell,With diadem and sceptre high advanced, The lower still I fall, only supremeIn misery-such joy ambition finds!But say I could repent, and could obtain (Milton 117)In this we see that Satan admits that he misses God, yet he is still too proud to begfor forgiveness and to return to heaven. He shows that he would rather rule in hell thento serve in heaven. This great pride is heroic but because he is Satan it is something thatis horrible. Satan is also a crafty and wise character. He is able to do whatever isnecessary to get the job done. We see this when he lures Eve into eating the forbiddenapple. Thou cast who arst sole wonder, much less armThy looks, the heaven of mildness, with disdain,Displeased that I approach thee thus, and gazeInsatiate, I thus single, nor have fearedThy awful brow, more awful thus retired. Strategies In Cancer Chemotherapy Cytarabine An Assessment Biology EssayMaximilian Rudin, a scholar, writes, The downfall of the Devil is, according to theChurch authority, attributed to self conceit. (Rudwin 6) This can not be consideredsomething that would go against the idea of Satan as a hero because pride is a trait ofevery hero so it can not be used against Satan. Father Louis Coulange is convinced thatthat Satan is a villain. The Devil of the Christian Church is an evil being (Coulange A) Although this is true,it can not be considered in the case of Paradise Lost because this is a conventional viewof Satan and does not take into consideration all of Satans actions in the poem. Coulangealso states that Since his gall, the former prince of the heavenly spirits has used hispower only for evil. (Coulange 29) This is true depending on what angle you look at itfrom. It is true that Satan went to Eden with the intention of deceiving Eve and he did goto war with heaven. He is also considered the villain because of his first sin: jealously. Coulange writes the Devil was good until the day when he was jealous of Adamsdestiny, and it was jealousy that was his first sin. (Coulange 10) This can be considereda valid point but all humans have committed this sin and not all humans are consideredvillains so it is not really that strong of an argument. Reverend Jewett also has the notionthat Satan is a villain. The devil is the implacable enemy of the human race and especially of believers whomhe desires to devour.(Jewett 84)Jewett feels that Satan is a villain because he is the enemy. He is the enemy to thehuman race and to everyone who is a believer in him. Satan is a villain because he lurespeople into believing him and the bad things in which he represents. Anyone who refuses to accept the tradition of the four canonical gospels and despisescompanions of the lord despises Christ himself, he even despises the father, and he is selfcondemnded, resisting and refusing his own salvation, as all the heretics do. (Forsyth348) This says that anyone who goes against God is a villain. This is what Satan hasdone and is why he is a villain no matter what other qualities he may have. The more Satan rejcts the order of things by asserting his own angelic natre, the more heaccomplishes his own unfulfillment the more the demons attempt to reasend, the morethey achiever their own self-damnation. (Jewett 20)This says that the more Satan rejected the order of things the more he became a villain. The more and more he began to want things his way the more of a villainous character hebecame. Even the being of nature of Satan as originally crated was thus met asphysically considered good. But from self-determination and choice of opposition ontoGod, and the conservatoins of holiness in his nature morally considered has becomechanged. (Jewett 91) This states that Satan was originally good but from his own choiceand decision to go against God he then turned into the villain. If he had not made thatdecision he would have been a good person but once he chose to go against the great Godhe had turned into the villain and will always be looked at as the villain. The Devil of the Christain Church is an evil being. But he has not always been such. His perversity is his own personal fault. He was good in the beginning and it was a sinwhich made him what he is now. (Coulange A) Coulange is saying that the devil wasgood until his own mistakes made him into the villain he is. If it werent for his ownpersonal fault he would have stayed good and would never have been the villain. Hisoriginal sin is what has made him into the villain which he is in everyones mind. Theoriginal sin that he made has allowed him to be given such a stereotype for all this time. From the fact that the Devil sinned form the beginning and that pride is the begfginningof all sin it was inferred that the Devils sin was pride. (Rudwin 91) Here is anotherexample in which Satans fault was his original sin and this is what lead him to belabeled the villain time and time again. There is nothing he could have done about itonce he let out his original sin, from there he just took off and never looked back and willbe considered villain in many peoples minds forever. Many people have mixed views of what Satan was in Paradise Lost. Even thoughthere were examples trying to prove him as a villain I feel that he was the hero of thebook. He had many courageous and brave scenes where only a hero could have donesome of the things he did. A regular person would not have been able to make an armyfeel that they can defeat God. Only a hero could do such a thing and only a hero wouldbe willing to lead the charge against the greatest power in the world.

Osama Bin Ladens threat to the United States

The article is â€Å"The Osama bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of al Qaeda’s Leader† by Peter L. BergenAdvertising We will write a custom article sample on Osama Bin Laden’s threat to the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This article is unique as it gives an in depth picture of Osama’s life and his involvement in military activity. It then moves on to show the emergence of Osama’s hatred towards the U.S. and consequently the emergence of threats towards the Americans. Research question of the article Does the article establish the emergence of his threat to the United States and portray its counter measures? Hypothesis of the article H1: The article aims to ascertain the history of Osama Bin Laden H2: The article aims to portray the role in Islamic fronts on his threat of the United StatesAdvertising Looking for article on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your fi rst paper with 15% OFF Learn More The articles general content of the literature review The literature review serves its purpose of elaborating the genesis of Osama and the conception of his hatred of the U.S. This assist the reader understand the genesis of his threats to the U.S. The article’s literature review explains that Osama Bin Laden’s mother came from Syria, and his father came from Yemen. Born in 1957, Osama Bin Laden was the seventh child in a family of fifty siblings. Bin Laden’s father had a poor background and later became a powerful businessman who owned one or the biggest construction companies in the kingdom. Bin Laden’s father was close to the royal family of King Saud and later the Faisal monarch. After the post Saud-Faisal conflict, Laden’s father assisted King Faisal by paying the civil servants’ wages six months. The article’s literature review showed that Osama Bin Laden had immense Islamic commitment. His father’s religious affiliation with Hajj pilgrims brought in Islamic scholars and leaders to their residence during Hajj. The leaders and scholars influenced Osama Bin Laden in religious matters. Some of the Islamic scholars were leaders in various Muslim movements around the Middle East. Osama Bin Laden made excellent contacts with the movement leaders in those gatherings. In his secondary school life, he joined the Muslim brotherhood as many other educated Muslims at the time. Later in university, he undertook compulsory Muslim studies. The lecturers in the article later became renowned leaders in Afghanistan. The review further explained that Osama Bin Laden first went to Afghanistan during the first weeks of the soviet invasion. He had first had experience with refugees and met some leaders through his hosts. This was an exploratory trip, which lasted a month. Later, he took an action trip back to Pakistan after lobbying leaders to support the Mujahedeen. He raised a surmountable amount of money for the Jihad. In this trip, he accompanied Pakistanis and Afghanis who worked in the Bin Laden. This trend of collecting money and travelling went on until 1982. In 1982, he went to Afghanistan loaded with plenty of machinery for construction to assist the mujahedeen. Osama Bin laden spent up to eight months in a year in Afghanistan. This was immense dedication from a person from a different country and a comfortable lifestyle.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Osama Bin Laden’s threat to the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The literature review traced the beginning of Osama’s military involvement as starting in 1984, when he established a guesthouse called Baitulansar in Peshawar to be the first Arab mujahedeen station in Afghanistan. In 1988, Osama built upward of six camps in Afghanistan. He had his own front and ran his own under his own command. He recruited senior Arab ex-military as his fighters and Syrian and Egyptian men with excellent military experience. He spent eight months or more a year in Afghanistan. The article’s literature claimed that in 1988, Osama began documenting his visitor movement from the guesthouse to the camps generating a complex known as Al-Qaeda, which means â€Å"The Base.† Al-Qaeda became public knowledge. After the Afghan war, the al Qaeda fighters joined other international conflicts. This made al Qaeda a global entity and benefited cultivation of other generations of al Qaeda. Contents of the literature review The literature review of the article portrayed the presence of American force in the Saudi Arabia during the Gulf war shifted al Qaeda focus to combating the invasion. The al Qaeda protected Saudi Arabia, as it was home of Islam’s most sacred shrines. They began extreme terrorist acts against rulers in Saudi Arabia. The ultimate goal of these actions aimed to forcefu lly force out the pro-American leadership in Saudi Arabia and replace it with the Islamic regime. The acts of terror forced the Saudi Arabia leadership to deport Bin Laden and later revoke his citizenship. According to the literature review of the article, in 1991, Osama Bin Laden relocated to Sudan, which became his base for almost six years. At this time, Al Qaeda made many connections with terrorist organizations assisted by their Sudanese hosts and state of Iran. Al Qaeda organized terror attacks carried out by sister organizations. Although individuals claim that Osama Bin Laden and his Al-Qaeda outfit were responsible for the attacks’ on the world trade center in 1993, there is little evidence. He attacked American humanitarian convoys heading to Somalia in Yemen and Aden. He also assisted the Somali militias fight off United States forces in 1994. In 1995, he implemented a serious terrorist attack against American military in Riyadh, and the following year in Khobar. F ollowing U.S. pressure, the Sudanese government asked Bin Laden to relocate which he did. He moved to Afghanistan and befriended ruling Taliban. The literature review of the article further shows that in Afghanistan, Osama’s anti-united States rhetoric escalated to new heights. In 1996, he praised the attacks in Riyadh on U.S. soldiers. In the same year, he issued Al Qaeda’s first jihad, declaration of war, to America.Advertising Looking for article on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1998, several Muslim leaders joined the force with Bin Laden to form a coalition against Jews and crusaders. This entity issued a Jihad against the U.S. The international Islamic front chose Osama Bin Laden to become their leader. The front published its goals and ideologies in a British based Arabic paper. It stated its main goal as a call to all Muslims to murder any Americans or their allies wherever they may be (Bergen, 2006). The literature review concludes by showing the peak of Osama attacks. The Al-Qaeda attacks against the United States escalated in August 1998. This is when they attacked two United States embassies in the capitals’ of Kenya and Tanzania killing 12 Americans and 200 locals. The U.S. retaliated by attacking targets in Afghanistan and Sudan. The Al Qaeda attacks continued and in October 2000, they bombed an American missile destroyer called the U.S.S. Cole at Aden in Yemen. The most devastating Al Qaeda attacks occurred on September 11, 2001. Main p oints of the article The main points of the article are identifying the threats posed by Osama Bin Laden on the United States. The priority is the threat posed by Osama Bin Laden with his al Qaeda outfit. The Al Qaeda continues to move on after Osama’s death. This article attempts to understand the significance and magnitude of the threat poised. The article also examines factors that enhance and sustain the threat. The methods used in collecting and analyzing Data The author explains the methods of collecting data in depth. The production of the article required an elaborate evidence base. The material acquired from numerous sources. It ensured proper and correct supporting information to the research carried out. The collection of information interlinks for efficiency. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods assist in the generation of information. Qualitative methods: These include literature reviews of documents with information that affects variety qualitative angles. Quantitative methods: These includes desk sorting of necessary reports and data acquired for a variety of aspects analyzed. These methods limit unnecessary material to be used on the production of the main points in the article. It brings out a comprehensive and in-depth appeal to the document. The table below highlights the main points for each objective. The process requires careful consideration of data available. No Objective 1 Carry out a comprehensive and critical analysis of the present status of the threat of poised to the United States by Al Qaeda network and Osama Bin Laden. 2 Develop key conclusions on issues affecting the threat of poised to the United States by Al Qaeda network and Osama Bin Laden. These methods could assist me replicate the study of the production of the article. I believe I could successfully replicate the study if I follow the methods to the later. Findings The findings support the author’s thesis. The findings show that the threat posed by Osama Bin Laden on the United States began from the earlier years of the Gulf war. The American occupation of Saudi Arabia drove Osama to propagate hate against Americans. This led him to get exiled and while, on exile, he began his plots and attacks against Americans. He rallied Muslims to attack Americans in his role as a leader of an international Muslim front. He proclaimed numerous jihads against the American nation and their allies. This prompted numerous attacks on the U.S. and counter attacks by the U.S. on the Al Qaeda. Conclusion and evidence provided in the article The conclusion follows the evidence provided and I am satisfied by it. It portrays Osama Bin Laden’s legacy still lives on in the hearts of his Al Qaeda network. His militants continue the spread of anti-American rhetoric in the post Osama era. The violence controlled in the public arena only, but the diehard followers continue to plot against Americans. In the post Osama era, the United States have strengthened their intelligence and homeland security proving that the threat by the Al Qaeda has risen. Osama’s death has not reduced the need of his followers’ threat to the United States, but rather it has prompted his followers to conceal their activities and plot surprise attacks. The articles limitations The article has numerous limitations due to the material available on the subject. The article is not random. The data collected base its facts on literature produced by the affected government and not self-reporting by the assumed mastermind. Self-reporting produces verifiable data of the accusation poised. The research limits to previously undertaken research material. This limits the angles the researcher might want to take. The results cannot be accurate as the sample size came from resources. References Bergen, P. L. (2006). The Osama bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of al Qaeda’s, Council on foreign relations, 34-238. This article on Osama Bin Laden’s threat to the United States was written and submitted by user Brycen T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Get the Facts of the Burj Khalifa

Get the Facts of the Burj Khalifa At 828 meters in length (2,717 feet) and 164 floors, Burj Dubai/Burj Khalifa was the tallest building in the world as of January 2010. Taipei 101, the Taipei Financial Center in the Taiwanese capital, was from 2004 to 2010 the worlds tallest skyscraper, at 509.2 meters, or 1,671 ft. The Burj easily exceeds that height. Before their destruction in 2001, the World Trade Centers Twin Towers in Manhattan were 417 meters (1,368 ft) and 415 meters (1,362 ft) tall. Burj Dubai/Burj Khalifa was dedicated on Jan. 4, 2010.Cost of the Burj: $1.5 billion, part of downtown Dubais $20 billion redevelopment program.The name of the tower was changed from Burj Dubai to Burj Khalifa at the last minute in honor of Sheik Khalifa bin Zayed al Nahyan, ruler of Abu Dhabi, and in recognition of Abu Dhabi providing Dubai $10 billion in December 2009 to bail out Dubais bankrupt sovereign wealth fund.Construction began on Sept. 21, 2004.More than 12,000 people will occupy the buildings 6 million square feet. Residential apartments number 1,044.Special amenities include a 15,000 square foot fitness facility, a cigar club, the highest mosque in the world (on the 158th floor), the highest observation deck in the world (on the 124th floor) and the highest swimming pool in the world (on the 76th floor), as well as the first Armani Hotel in the world.The Burj is expected to consume 946,000 liters (or 250,000 gallons) of water a day.Electricity consumption is expected to peak at 50 MVA or the equivalent of 500,000 100-watt bulbs burning simultaneously. The Burj has 54 elevators. They can speed up to 65km an hour (40 mph)The equivalent of 100,000 elephants worth of concrete was used during construction.31,400 metric tons of steel rebar used in the structure.28,261 glass cladding panels cover the exterior of the tower, each panel cut by hand and installed by Chinese cladding specialists.12,000 workers were employed at the site at peak construction. Three workers died while working on the site.The number of underground parking spaces at the Burj: 3,000.The lead contractor was South Korea-based Samsung, along with Belgiums Besix and the UAEs Arabtec.The building was designed by Chicagos Skidmore, Owings Merrill and developed by Dubais Emaar Properties.The buildings structural engineer is William F. Baker, who on July 11, 2009, became the first American to win the Fritz Leonhardt Prize For Achievement In Structural Engineering.

More Words That Turn on the Root Vert

More Words That Turn on the Root Vert More Words That Turn on the Root Vert More Words That Turn on the Root Vert By Mark Nichol A recent post dealt with many of the English words based on the Latin verb vertere, meaning â€Å"turn,† focusing on those that precede the root vert with a prefix, and their various grammatical forms. This follow-up post defines some additional words in the vertere family: those beginning with vert. Those with the variant stem vers rather than vert will be outlined in a subsequent post. Vertigo originally meant â€Å"a spinning or whirling movement† and later came to refer to a form of dizziness in which the sufferer has a sensation suggestive of spinning or whirling. The related adjective is vertiginous, which also applies neutrally to any spinning motion or judgmentally to frequent and unnecessary change. A vertebra (plural: vertebrae) is a segment of the system of bones that constitute the spine, or backbone, of vertebrates; that last word refers to two classes of animals, the higher and lower vertebrates, possessing a spine of bone or cartilage or a similar process. It also serves as an adjective, as does vertebral- the spinal column is also called the vertebral column- and as an adjective, vertebrate also means â€Å"well formed or â€Å"well organized,† though this usage is rare. The connection to vertere is of the spine’s hinge-like quality, which allows animals to turn or bend their bodies. An invertebrate is an animal lacking a spine or a similar process. In Latin, vertex and vortex both mean â€Å"whirl,† but in English the terms are distinct: Vertex applies to the top of the head, the highest point (such as a summit), or a point farthest from the base of an object or shape. (It also applies in geometry to the point at which two lines or curves meet.) A vortex, meanwhile, is a literal or figurative whirlpool. The adjective vertical is related and in one sense means â€Å"located at the highest point† but usually means â€Å"upright† or â€Å"lengthwise† and is an antonym of horizontal. In economic and sociological contexts, it can refer, respectively, to the scope of activity in the production of goods or to hierarchy. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and NumeralsFlier vs. FlyerDozen: Singular or Plural?

Managment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Managment - Term Paper Example and experimental culture regardless of the number of years Intuit has been in business.The essay briefly describes the leadership skills and management style of Brad Smith, and his efforts to drive the Company to a higher market share. Brad began his entrepreneurship journey in his early years. He was in martial arts starting at the age of 14 and got his black belt by the age of 18. Soon after, he was teaching an entire school with about 150 students. His early life was unbelievably intense due to the self-awareness part of being a black belt. At that point, he knew nothing about entrepreneurship, and that is where his journey began. His dad worked for Nestle for about 26 years and ended up being the mayor of their hometown. He was tough but kind to everybody and treated each one around him like a human being. Brad spent six years in a job doing a range of jobs in marketing, before joining Intuit. He started the Internet division at a time the dot-com was booming and convinced the board to avail US$40 million to be used in signing two e-commerce deals. He convinced the board that it was possible for them to sell more products online than their salesforce could do. The plan did not succeed as planned but the board still trusted Brad to deliver for the company in future endeavors. Brad Smith joined Intuit in 2003, serving as the Vice President as well as the general manager of the Company’s Accountant Central and Developer Network in Plano (Furr, Dyer, & Christensen, 2014). Brad also led Intuit’s Consumer Tax Group from March 2004 to May 2005 in San Diego. In May 2006, he was selected to serve as the senior Vice President as well as the general manager of the Company’s Small Business Division. He was fully responsible for the small business division department of the company and dealt with the portfolio of Quicken, QuickBooks, and the Payroll products. Later in January 2008, Brad was selected to become the president and chief executive officer of

Williston on Contracts Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Williston on Contracts - Case Study Example Within a few days after the completion of the agreement, the plaintiff learned that the Government had lessened the amount of asphalt that was predetermined under the contract by around the number of tons of lessening supposed in the complaint. The defendant was directed by the plaintiff advised of its receipt and on the contention that the lessening of asphalt considered under the contract would augment the unit cost in the act of the contract. The defendant replied to the plaintiff confirming the plaintiff’s information concerning the reduction of asphalt required under the contract and promising to submit to the proper Government officials’ requests for increased unit prices. The defendant’s letter was acknowledged and the plaintiff signed its intention of proceeding with performance of the contracts as changed, and express confidence that defendant would adequately present to the Government the plaintiff’s request for an increase in unit prices for wor k under the contract. The defendant later wrote to the plaintiff saying that it had received from the Government a change order providing for the changes in the original contract that resulted in the reduction of the asphalt required The plaintiff sought to recover the expenses incurred in shipping the large asphalt plant to the place of performance of the work and in installing and equipping the plant for the production of 50,000 tons of asphalt. Further, there was a demand for dismantling and returning the asphalt plant to the point from which it was shipped as damages for breach of the contract. RATIONALE: The fundamental basis for an award of damages for contravening a contract is just compensation for losses necessarily flowing from the breach (Lord, 1338). In addition, while the breach of contract gives rise to a right of action, it is nevertheless possible for a breach to occur without causing damage.  

Presentation in History of the English Language Essay Example for Free

Presentation in History of the English Language Essay When studying the development of English as a language, it can be argued that early modern English is perhaps the most vital point of reference. This period brings with it a richness in material that provided clues as to how the tongue developed phonetically and geographically from its roots as a secondary, regional language in an arena dominated somewhat by the French language, and largely by Latin. Although the amount of available information isn’t enough to paint a sufficient scenario of the linguistic lay of the land at the time, these materials are a great help in discerning the stages of development of the English language. During the latter age of transition from Middle English, the language was mostly spread about in regions. This period is â€Å". . . notoriously [known] as the time when linguistic variation is fully reflected in the written mode . . . † (Nevalainen 13). Due to the heavy presence of French and Latin as the dominant vernaculars, middle English didn’t have enough room to develop as a real language and was limited to regional variants that were shaped by the grammar rules of the more prominent languages at the time. This was, mostly, due to the lack of standardized spelling – it was difficult to come up with a fixed set of grammar rules if the people didn’t have any idea of how to spell the words to be used in each situation. This changed during the sixteenth century. With the shift to early modern English came the streamlined version of the language, thanks to major standardizations in the way words were spelled throughout various regions. But you can’t ever get rid of local variations in language, and the early form of modern English is no different. Most of the available materials from the period concern themselves mostly with grammar reforms and the instruction of the language. The most curious thing about these documents is that despite dealing with a language that was gaining more and more popularity as a serious vernacular, the method of instruction was still largely conducted in Latin. This proved to be difficult in unifying the language since the two tongues were different from each other both grammatically and in inflection. Alexander Gil wrote Logonomia Anglica in 1619 as an attempt to describe the chief variants of English according to region. These are the general, northern, southern, eastern, western and poetic variants. Interestingly, these are the same regional distinctions of middle English, save for the unifying general vernacular that could be similar to what we call standard English. The weakness in Gil’s study is his partiality to the northern style although this feature gives us an outstanding view of how the morphology of early modern English developed. His renditions of spelling and pronouncing some words are indicative of the Germanic roots of English, including the use of /v/ for /f/ (the example given by Nevalainen is vill for fill). Another method of dialectal segregation was recorded by George Puttenham in The Arte of English Poesie (1589). Here, Puttenham gives us a view of how early middle English was segregated according to social standing, and was focused mostly on improving the aesthetic appeal of the language by identifying the speech of the court and the aristocrats as well-sounding and favorable, as opposed to the speech of a craftsman, or that of the thieves (thieves’ cant). Still, the dominant tongue at the time remained to be Latin, and it was in Latin that the English grammar was taught and written. This was to accommodate foreigners who wished to learn English; these people learned English via the structure of Latin, whereas locals who already practiced English learned Latin through the structure of their mother tongue. The effect of Latin in the grammar manuals during the first part of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were apparent – the use of Latin categories, or at least a system derived from Latin, to describe English grammar left out a chunk of what formed the structural core of English, and while the regional dialects flourished, very little attention was given to them and the focus of learning instead went to the General dialect, which would eventually go on to become the basis for the structure of the language today. A lot of the development that transformed the English language occurred at this time. In Pamphlet for Grammar (1586), William Bullokar gives us insight to the transformation of the personal noun ye into modern-day you. He also noted the possible conversion of the suffix –eth ¬ (e. g. loveth) into the more economical –s pronounced with a /z/-like crescendo. The latter, incidentally, is an example of northern dialect curiosities that made it to the general dialect. The continuous development and popularity of English as a language both written and spoken led to the precursors of modern-day newspapers. Newsletters by eminent individuals were handwritten and sent out as manuscript circulations back in 1620 as a means of spreading important information around. A fair example is the Newdigate Newsletters that were addressed to Sir Richard Newdigate of Warwickshire from the Secretary of State’s office. A selection of the newsletters would go as follows: â€Å"The King of Poland desireing a nearer Correspondence with this Crowne then has been formerly and haveing sent Over to desire his Maty to be godfather to his Daughter, his Maty was preparing to send an Envoy ExtraOrdnary thither to stand for him, when the last post brought news ye young Princess was dead. † (21) This selection, in its original form, contains plenty of scripting nuances of the period – such as superscripts for the abbreviations – and resembled, in all intents and purposes, formal letters of the period. In closing, it is worth to note that while the instruction and growth of English as a language during the early modern period isn’t as clear as we’d like it to be, there really is no denying that this period yielded a huge wealth of material to study. Thanks to works like Gil’s Bullokar’s and the missives to sir Newdigate, we can continue to study and piece together the broken pieces of the puzzle of how today’s universal language evolved into what it is. WORKS CITED Nevalainen, Terttu. Introduction to Early Modern English, An. USA: Oxford University Press, 2006. 12-27

Composed Kenyans and Happy-go-Lucky Nigerians Essay -- Comparison Comp

Composed Kenyans and Happy-go-Lucky Nigerians "You're from Kenya, right?" "No, I'm from Nigeria." "Nigeria, Kenya. Kenya, Nigeria. Same thing." "No, actually they are entirely different countries located at opposite ends of the African continent and contain two very different groups of people." It is amazing how very little some people know about the continent -- not country -- of Africa, let alone the 57 countries within it. Some people have suggested that Kenya and Nigeria are in South America or even Australia. Although Kenya and Nigeria are both African countries, their cultures are quite unlike each other. The food, speech, and methods of interaction within these cultures serve as evidence of their distinctiveness. Kenyans are usually more laid back and composed while Nigerians tend to be more active and vivacious. While Kenyans seem to be satisfied with a more basic menu, Nigerians show their great appreciation for food through an extensive selection. In Kenya, four typical dishes can be expected to be served at party gatherings. The first is nyama uchoma, beef or goat meat cut into thick slabs and roasted over a large grill. Ugali, which is a main dish made out of either yellow or white corn flour that closely resembles mush before it is fried, is eaten along with the nyama uchoma. Chapatis, which are like soft flaky tacos, are also served either rolled up or cut into triangular pieces. The final dish served would be a watery stew with peas, carrots, and a few chunks of beef, served over pilaf rice. Sodas and/or beer are provided as beverages, in addition to chai, which is prepared by first warming milk, boiling tea leaves in the mil... ... lashing out at each other at 5:00 a.m. in the street will be the same two people that will be calling each other "My brother" at 5:59 a.m. While Kenyans do a better job of holding things in, Nigerians tend to get it over with right away. Although it may still be difficult to distinguish a Kenyan from a Nigerian simply based on appearance, there are clues that can be used to differentiate these two groups of people. If one were to enter a Kenyan or a Nigerian home and sit down for a meal or spend a brief moment to interact through verbal communication, the difference would be almost obvious. The home that serves the simpler meal sprinkled with occasional moments of silence will most likely be the Kenyan home. If the foods on the menu exceed ten items and the conversation remains constant, it is probably safe to assume one has entered the home of a Nigerian.

“Let Him Have It”: How does the director encourage the audience to feel sympathy for Derek and his family?

n this film â€Å"Let him have it† how does the director, Peter Medak, encourage the audience to feel sympathy for Derek Bentley and his family? Refer to three specific episodes from the film in you answer. â€Å"Let him have it† by Peter Medak is a very powerful film based on a controversial true story. The narrative is about a murder committed by Christopher Craig and Derek Bentley. Peter Medak, the Director, explained â€Å"I made this film to break hearts† and the way the scenes have been established and portrayed by the actors increase the emotional response of the viewer. The reason that this film is so effective is due to the amount of emotion and sympathy the Director portrays towards Derek Bentley. However, the film has a distinct bias towards Derek Bentley as it follows his characterisation compared to that of the other actors. Within this essay I will draw out the techniques the Director has uses to create a truly emotive production. I have chosen three episodes from the film where I believe the Director has emphasised the sympathy towards Derek and his family most effectively; the opening chapter, this depicts Derek when he was a young boy during World War II, the murder of the police officer, this is when Derek and Chris Craig attempt to break into a premises and the hanging. As the film opens it immediately provides the feeling of; sadness, sorrow, grief and unhappiness. The background to the credits are pitch black and the credits are written in old style, types set with white writing, establishing the feeling that the film is set in the past. The background music is sad, gentle and to some extent slightly emotional providing a sense of unhappiness. As the credits continue, the music gets louder and louder. This creates suspense in the audience, making the viewer believe that something is going to happen. The credits dissipate and then we can here bomb blasts, providing an indication that the first scene is going to be set during a war. This is effective because we can imagine the scene from the sound before we can view it. The first scene reveals the trauma suffered by people living in London during World War II. As the camera pans the set it shows the demolished houses and the devastated families with their personnel belongings scattered over the rubble. This creates a strong emotional response in the viewer for all of the people caught up in the air raid that has hit the street. The camera pans across a demolished house and the distraught family and then focuses into a body shot of a mother crying over her dead child. A lady calls for help, the attention is focused upon the lady shouting, â€Å"I have found him†, as they lift the rubble away, revealing Derek for the first time. The scene reveals a helpless, weak and vulnerable young boy surrounded by rubble and covered in dust. The Director increases the emotive effect of the scene by lighting the childs' face and zooming into the boy, which then reveals blood seeping out of his ear. The boy starts to shake and fit, this completed the effect the Director was aiming for, to create the initial sympathy for Derek. The trauma Derek experienced within the first scene could provide the reasons for his learning difficulties and disability. The Director has built this scene to explain to the audience what is happening to Derek and to create sympathy for him due to this incident, although at this stage it is unclear that he is suffering from. The Director has clearly identified this scene to underpin the whole film and I believe it provides a very descriptive and highly emotive start to the film. The film transports the viewer to when Derek was 19 years old, this is expertly delivered by focusing in on Derek in the rubble, followed by a close up of Derek as a teenager and pans out to show who he is with. The boys are about to break into an old persons shed, the mood is sad and sombre. The music is slow and deliberate, using the ‘miner keys' making this scene uncomfortable and provides the feeling that something bad is going to happen. Then you see the boys breaking into the old person's sheds, the lighting suggests Derek's innocence due to him being highlighted and the boys shadowed. The music gets louder and louder when the boys are vandalising the shed. Derek had no intentions of going into the old persons shed until one of the boys encouraged him, â€Å"Hoy Derek†. The Director is showing the audience how easily led and vulnerable Derek is whilst under the influence of others, which could be due to Derek's learning disability. It looks obvious throughout the scene that Derek is playing and he does not understand what he is doing wrong. He is trying to be part of the gang. During the scene Derek tries to eat the old person's supper that the other boys ruined with coffee, this is out of character for him and supports the conclusion that he is trying to fit in. When the man comes back the rest of the boys flee but Derek just freezes, he then starts fitting. This scene is powerful due to the high camera shot indicating his harmlessness and his lack of power. The Director uses this technique to establish sympathy for Derek, so you feel that he is just in the wrong place at the wrong time. The scene shows how the character of Derek is fragile and how easily he gives into peer pressure. This provides the impression of weakness within his character. The Director has again uses this scene to depict the major events that affect Derek's life and sets the scene of how Derek ends up in Kingswood Approved School (a young offender's institute) and raises the question as to whether it is his fault that he is in there. The scene has a big impact on the film; the audience would not feel as much sympathy for Derek because they may think that he was ill-disciplined and badly behaved for being in the institute. In the institute the music starts slowly to create sadness in the audience, as the camera tracks through the institute to a long shot of Derek in a long narrow corridor. This makes him look alone, harmless and sad as if he is waiting to be disciplined by the Head Master of the institute. The following scene is of Derek's father and the Head Warden in the office discussing Derek's low intelligence and his disability, epilepsy. This make the audience feel sympathy for Derek because he has been categorised and is not capable of fitting into a young offenders institute. Derek needs specialist help, which he never appears to receive. After Derek is released from the Institute he takes it upon himself to become reclusive and agoraphobic probably due to this being easier than facing life and its dangers. It takes allot of persuasion by his sister, whom he loves, to overcome this feeling and become more extravert. This also provides the audience with impression that he feels unwanted because of being rejected from the school. This could have resulted in how easy it was for Derek to join Chris's gang, because he felt wanted. Prior to the scene where Derek and Chris attempt to break in to the butchers shop, Derek is portrayed as someone who is trying to fit in and that is why he takes the keys to the shop. Throughout this scene there is clear evidence that Derek does not realise the potential implications of what he is doing, he believes he was only having fun. When Derek hands over the keys to Chris he comments, â€Å"you be in charge Chris,† as if he is a child. As they jump off the bus the boys play together, just like young children. Chris then hands a knuckle duster to Derek; he takes it like a child taking a new toy from his parents. This helped establishes to the audience that Derek's intention on the roof was not to kill but to just following the gang and try to be one of them, as portrayed in the gangster movies that the boys watched at the cinemas, prior to this scene. Chris applies a great deal of peer pressure to Derek, â€Å"are we going to do this or are you going to piss off too? † this shows how easily he is led by Chris. The Director shows a family observing Chris and Derek climbing up the fence, they immediately call the police. The audience is now aware that the police are coming; it also creates suspense, as you wonder what will happen to Derek and Chris if they get caught. The Director keeps switching to the police and their movements setting the scene for what is about to happen. The viewers can see the level of police presence surrounding the boys where as Chris and Derek are completely unaware as they are playing on the roof, running around like children catching each other in a school playground. When Derek and Chris are surrounded by the police, Derek exclaims, â€Å"my dad is going to kill me†, he could not think of anything worse than being reprimanded by his father. A police officer enters the roof and Derek struggles with Chris to try to prevent him shooting him, he warns the officer that Chris has a gun. Derek does not move when he was warned to stay still by the officer. It is at this stage when a critical point of the whole film is depicted, the officer asks Chris for the gun. Derek shouts to Chris â€Å"let him have it† meaning to give the gun to the officer; however Chris shoots the officer. Throughout this scene, Derek is portrayed as trying to help. The audience can feel sympathy for Derek because when he is trying to be of assistance but is being pushed around by the police. The audience do not feel as much sympathy for the policeman as they do for Derek because the viewer does not know about the officer's background, as we do with Derek, he is not characterised. The Director makes it very clear that Derek does intend to hurt or kill anyone and has no animosity towards the police officer. The Director shows a clear bias towards Derek in the way the scene is depicted. The audience could feel some sympathy for Chris because his brother has just been sent to prison; he shouted â€Å"you gave my brother twelve years†. It is effective when the Director shows a close up of all the policemen loading up their guns, and showing Chris loading his gun with six bullets, to show how outnumbered Chris is compared to the police. When the Police Officer was murdered, the Director includes a close up of all of the faces looking at the body, Derek was shocked, sad and stunned at what Chris had committed. When Derek walks towards the body he looks physically shaken, the viewer can feels a lot of sympathy towards him because he is genuinely sorry for the policemen. Derek knelt by the policeman's side, lowering himself down to his level, to show his respects towards the policeman. As the policemen take Derek away he does not resist arrest because it was never his intention to hurt anyone, after all he was just playing, or so he thought. In the third scene I have chosen, Derek and his family are awaiting the hanging. The Director creates a large amount of sympathy towards Derek and his family throughout the final episode. Once again the lighting and camera position is used to increase the emotive effect of the scenes. After Derek is taken down, following the court case, Derek and Chris are in two different cells looking at each other, this is the first time in the film where the Director places Derek in the shade. This is because he fared worse following the court case due to his age compared to that of Chris and he is facing execution. In the scene just prior to the hanging a light is tracked from the window through to the bath full of letters showing the support received for Derek's cause. The Director again is using this effect to show Derek's innocence, this creates sympathy in the audience as they know what is about to unfold and that it is unjust. When Derek's parents were informed that he should never have been tried in a court of law because of his mental age, the audience feel pity towards him because of what he went through in court, the stress of it all, when he should never have been there in the first place. The audience feels sympathy when he says â€Å"I am not afraid to die†; it gives the impression that he has given up and accepted the fact that he will die. It also emphasises the fact that he is still a child inside. The audience feels sorry for Mr. Bentley as the letter to the Queen is his last hope of saving his son. The Director has added this scene to depict the desperation of the Bentley family. During Derek's last conversation with his family he says goodbye as if he will never see them again, he tries to stay positive when his mum and dad are around â€Å"cheerio, see you tomorrow†. The music in this scene gradually gets louder to increase the emotion between the family also increases the sympathy towards Derek and his family, especially when you realise Derek can not touch or kiss his family for the last ever time before the hanging. They then place their hands together on either side of the glass barrier. Derek dictates his last words to a prison warden because he can not write for himself, he states in his letter to his mum â€Å"I tell you what mum, the truth has to come out, and when it does a lot of people will get hurt†. As Derek dictates this the camera gradually zooms in as he signs his name showing that he is struggling to spell his name and has the handwriting of a child. The Director chooses to show a scene where Derek's dad is in his bedroom holding his toy aeroplane, waiting for a verdict, this reminds us that Derek is mentally still a child. It makes you feel sorry for Derek because he is going to be executed for a crime that he would never be able to even conceive, never mind commit. You feel like they are hanging a child, an eleven year old child. What's more, in the scene the Director uses a close up of the officer scribing for Derek, the officer has a tear in his eye, as he sees the injustice unfolding. Within the execution scene there is a close up of the clock above the fireplace in the Bentleys house, this is very effective as it symbolises Derek's life ticking away. Mr. Bentley walks out into the middle of the street making him look small and helpless, like he has given up all hope. The street looks long and lonely, a postman walks up to Mr. Bentley giving him a pat on the back saying â€Å"this is all today† this shows the contrast in letters. A couple of days before there had been hundreds of letters being delivered, but now there was only one letter. This tells the audience that even Derek's supporters have given up on the possibility of a reprieve. As the clock is ticking away the camera delivers a high shot looking down on the family in the middle of their living room, hugging each other for comfort. The high shot makes them look helpless' you feel that there is nothing they can do to help Derek now. It makes the audience feel sorry for the family as they have tried everything they could; petitions, trying to get a retrial, writing to the queen etc, but in the end nothing had worked. The Director increases the sympathy for the family when he uses a close up of them crying together for Derek. This is jucsiposed to Derek saying his pray the Director shows the grieving and scared, sad Derek, to maximise the suspense and the sympathy for him and his family. Outside of the prison, protesters are singing hymns asking for God's mercy for Derek. The Director shows this shot of all the protestors singing, in front of the huge walls of the prison and a huge solid door. This shows that the protesters can't do anything for Derek but pray, sing and hope. This is creating sympathy for Derek because it is clear that everyone is on Derek's side even the officers inside the prison and the executioner. The executioner says to Derek â€Å"everything is going to be alright† to provide him with some encouragement. When it is time for the execution a clock is ticking, this links Derek's scene to his families scene, then the clock strikes 9 o'clock and Derek's breathing becomes louder. This is creating the tension in the audience, and also showing how nervous and scared Derek is towards the execution. Derek does not struggle or shout protesting his innocence, if the director didn't show this the audience would not feel as much sympathy for him. All the prison officers stopped working and after he was hung they bowed their heads showing their sadness for Derek. The protesters are now singing hymns for him as if they were at a funeral. When Derek is hung the camera closes in on his shoes in order to try to achieve the atmosphere, yet not showing the macabre hanging. The camera pans towards the light coming from the ceiling, as if Derek was escaping from the prison and going home or towards heaven. The camera flies over Derek's town into his bedroom and down the stairs, as if he was walking towards the living room to his family. The camera makes the audience feel like Derek is now a ghost or an angle. The camera zooms in towards Derek's family together in the middle of the living room. Then over their shoulders to the clock on the mantelpiece, it stops ticking. This sequence of camera shots maximises the sympathy towards Derek and his family and creates an overwhelming feeling of injustice. The Director used multiple techniques in the film to create sympathy for Derek and his family for example; panning, high shot, low shots, close ups, body shots, etc. The music throughout the film is similar, slow and, sad using the ‘minor key' to create a slightly uncomfortable feeling. The lighting of Derek and the people around him, for example, Derek was predominantly in the light when he was around Chris, this suggests his innocence. The cumulative effect of the techniques creates a powerful, highly effective and emotive film which provides the viewer with a compulsion to keep watching and till the conclusion. After the conclusion the viewer is left with a true feeling of injustice and sadness especially when you find out it is based on a true story.

How many are major types of magnetic separator

Along with the increasing popular of mining project, more and more people invested in producing stone crusher machine for mining process. And with the development of mining machinery industry, there are many kinds of mining machines in the market, do you know how many kinds of magnetic separator there are? We all know that The Magnetic Separator is suitable for wet magnetic separation of materials less than 3mm such as magnetite, calcined ore, etc. and it can remove the iron in the coal, non-metal and construction industries.And Magnetic roasting can be divided into reduction roasting, neutral roasting and oxidizing roasting according to the principle. Studies have shown that the particle size has significant effect on the magnetic properties. The magnetic susceptibility decreases with the particle size. However, the coercivity value increases with decreases of particle size. Its magnetic system is a ring-shape chain closed magnetic circuit with energizing coils made of copper tube a nd cooled internally by water. Grooved plates made of magnetic conductive stainless steel are used as magnetic matrix.With the in-depth development of the research work of the domestic and foreign high-performance permanent magnet materials, the industrialization of the magnetic separator and the constant optimization the upgrading and improvement of the magnetic system and the body structure of traditional permanent magnetic separator speed up the process that the permanent magnetic separation equipment gradually replace the electromagnetic magnetic separator. We also actively used the new high and permanent magnet material (NdFeB) to increase the number of poles.The additional poles and compound magnetic field urther enhanced the performance of permanent magnetic separator, matured and expended the ranges of applications, especially in the process of magnetite beneficiation. Of course, maybe my summary is not comprehensive. If you have other supplement, you can comment about my ar ticle. We learn from each other, and make progress together. Thank you very much for reading my article. I hope you like it. If you have any other question, you can get int our website. china magnetic separator: http://www. mine-crusher. com/separator. htm How many are major types of magnetic separator? By fengyanyanl 990

Free Essays on Changing Teen Relationships Over Time

We live in a world today where everything is faster, more intense, more demanding, and more intimate. These items have combined to put tremendous pressure on relationships today and in some cases create serious problems. The relationships today are significantly more complicated and potentially more stressful than those of fifty years ago. In order to better understand the differences, we must compare the teenage relationships from the 1950s and today, to determine the cases. Terminology over the decades has changed in phrasing, as well as meaning. In the 1950s, â€Å"necking† was defined as â€Å"caresses above the neck,† while in today’s society, it is referred to as â€Å"making out.† Both terms refer to partners kissing and touching above the neck. More serious terms in the fifties were â€Å"petting† and â€Å"heavy petting† which were described as â€Å"caresses below the neck,† often closer to intercourse. Today, both kinds of â€Å"caresses† are referred to as â€Å"hooking up† (Sombat). â€Å"Hooking up† can always mean casual dating, kissing, or engaging in sexual activity with other people. Titles and places have also changed since the 1950s. For example, serious dating used to be referred as â€Å"going steady,† whereas in today’s terms it is referred to as â€Å"going out.† Both terms involve the titles of boyfriend and girlfriend but â€Å"going steady† usually meant the couple was on the path to marriage, whereas â€Å"going out† just means a serious relationship (Sombat). Although the terminology has changed, the meanings are often similar. Some sexual phrases today are not taken as seriously as they were in fifties, but that is how teenage relationships have evolved. Teen relationships are not taken as seriously as they were in the 1950s. When teenagers were dating in the 1950s, it was never acceptable for them to be alone in the house or in a bedroom. Today, it is an almost everyday occurrence that teenage... Free Essays on Changing Teen Relationships Over Time Free Essays on Changing Teen Relationships Over Time We live in a world today where everything is faster, more intense, more demanding, and more intimate. These items have combined to put tremendous pressure on relationships today and in some cases create serious problems. The relationships today are significantly more complicated and potentially more stressful than those of fifty years ago. In order to better understand the differences, we must compare the teenage relationships from the 1950s and today, to determine the cases. Terminology over the decades has changed in phrasing, as well as meaning. In the 1950s, â€Å"necking† was defined as â€Å"caresses above the neck,† while in today’s society, it is referred to as â€Å"making out.† Both terms refer to partners kissing and touching above the neck. More serious terms in the fifties were â€Å"petting† and â€Å"heavy petting† which were described as â€Å"caresses below the neck,† often closer to intercourse. Today, both kinds of â€Å"caresses† are referred to as â€Å"hooking up† (Sombat). â€Å"Hooking up† can always mean casual dating, kissing, or engaging in sexual activity with other people. Titles and places have also changed since the 1950s. For example, serious dating used to be referred as â€Å"going steady,† whereas in today’s terms it is referred to as â€Å"going out.† Both terms involve the titles of boyfriend and girlfriend but â€Å"going steady† usually meant the couple was on the path to marriage, whereas â€Å"going out† just means a serious relationship (Sombat). Although the terminology has changed, the meanings are often similar. Some sexual phrases today are not taken as seriously as they were in fifties, but that is how teenage relationships have evolved. Teen relationships are not taken as seriously as they were in the 1950s. When teenagers were dating in the 1950s, it was never acceptable for them to be alone in the house or in a bedroom. Today, it is an almost everyday occurrence that teenage...

The KISS Guide To Writing Keyword Rich Articles

The KISS Guide To Writing Keyword Rich Articles The KISS Guide To Writing Keyword Rich Articles The KISS Guide To Writing Keyword Rich Articles By Sharon Freelance writers are often asked to write keyword rich web content articles. If you dont know where to begin, heres the keep it simple guide to get you started. Finding Keywords In most cases, clients supply the keywords you need for an article. If they dont, then your first step is to research some appropriate keywords for their topic. There are several tools you can use to do this. Some of my favorites are: the SEOBook Keyword Tool Google Adwords search tool These free tools allow you to search for a term and see related keywords. For each term, the sites indicate the search volume. This tells you which keywords are popular and gives you a list of phrases and alternative phrases to use when writing articles. Keyword Density Once you have the keywords, then its time to start writing. Sometimes clients ask for a specific keyword density, such as 3%. Although this is not the best way to write keyword articles, if thats what the client asks for, thats what you have to provide. Two tools which work well for checking keyword density are Textalyser and Live Keyword Analysis. in both cases, you paste your text into a box, hit a button and find out your keyword density. (Alternatively, you can work out how many times you need to mention the keyword phrase to achieve your target density and find and count them manually in your word processing program.) Seeding The Keywords Its much rarer now for writing clients to request a high keyword density. Using keywords 10-15 times in a short article can make it virtually unreadable, so most go for using keywords around five times. Whichever method you use, key positions for keyword placement are at the start (first words, first sentence or first paragraph) and end (last words, last sentence or last paragraph) of the article. Then the other keywords are sprinkled around in the middle. Breaking It Up One issue that writers sometimes face is having unwieldy keywords that dont fit well within a sentence. Some clients are sticklers for using keywords as written, which can result in strange sentence constructions that lack the appropriate punctuation. (Example: When buying mortgages UK consumers need to be aware of interest rates.) However, others realise that search engines take little account of punctuation and stop words (short words such as the, a and so on) and that its ok to use these to make a phrase more reader friendly. With this kind of client, its easy to produce engaging and informative articles that still meet the clients brief. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of InfinitivesOne Fell SwoopJanuary 1 Doesn't Need an "st"

Critically compare and contrast the major cultural and institutional Essay

Critically compare and contrast the major cultural and institutional features and predominant HR policies and practices in UK an - Essay Example Both the two countries managed a score of 35 points on power distance. Germany is seen to be highly decentralized while at the same time it is also strongly supported by a large middle class. The Key management in various institutions have to carefully take into consideration any co-determination rights that may exist, in addition to its leadership being continually challenged to display appropriate levels of expertise. Extensive control is also one of the factors that is strongly disliked in Germany (Hofstede Centre 2013). In comparison to this, the British society has been noted to be strongly advocating for and believing that any inequalities that may happen to exist between people should be greatly minimized. Hofstede also shows that there are some inherent tensions in British culture as pertaining to one not being limited to how far they can be able to progress in life irrespective of where they were born on one hand, and the relative importance of birth rank on the other hand ( Hofstede Centre 2013). ... In comparison to the British society, the German society attains a score of 67 on the Individualism score (Hofstede Centre 2013). German society tends to focus on parent-children relationships with little emphasis on uncles and aunts. German communication is ranked as being one of the highest scores globally in line with the accepted ideal of one being honest even if it hurts (Mooij 2007). With a high score of 66 points, the German society is highly regarded as being a mainly masculine society. Good performance is highly valued and the German school system is keen to spate children into several different types of schools when they reach the age of ten. The general sense is that people in Germany â€Å"live to work† and their tasks provide them with self esteem. In Comparison, the British society also attains a score of 66 in masculinity (Hofstede Centre 2013). The British society is also highly driven and success oriented. People in Britain also live to work and well defined a nd clear performance ambitions (Strangleman and Warren 2008). On the uncertainty avoidance score, the UK with a score of 35 is seen to be quite a happy nation (Gibson 2002). With the low score in UAI, the British as seen to be relatively comfortable in any ambiguous situations that they may happen to encounter. (Hofstede Centre 2013). The German score on the UAI index is also set at 35. The society tends to place a lot of importance on details so as to ascertain that a project has been well thought-out. Germans are seen to compensate for any high uncertainty on their part by strongly relying on their individual expertise (Mead and Andrews 2009). The

Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Morality - Essay Example The word Morality carries the concept of: moral standards, with respect to behavior; moral responsibility, referring to one’s own conscience; and a moral identity, that is one who can differentiate between his right and wrong actions. Morality defines the boundaries that have been set forth in our society and following them can only lead to harmony and respect within the society. It’s one of the core founding pillars of a sophisticated society as it not only characterizes what is right and wrong but also instills a sense of guilt within individuals. This makes sure that no matter how badly one wants to commit that action, morality takes over and stops one from doing that bad or unfavorable deed. For example, if a pharmaceutical company has decided not to withdraw a medicine from the market that causes severe side effects just because they will endure huge losses if they do so, it can clearly be stated as unethical. As playing with the lives of thousands of innocent peop le is not justified it is thus established as being an immoral act in society. Ethics, also termed as moral philosophy, is a prominent branch of philosophy that caters to questions about morality and its concepts, such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime, etc. Ethics can be broadly divided into three categories namely: Meta ethics, Normative ethics and Applied ethics. Meta ethics inquires about the roots of our ethical principles and how they came into being in our society. It usually deals with questions related to the role of reason in ethical judgment, the will of God and the issues of universal truths. Normative ethics on the other side takes a more practical task in determining the moral standards that set apart the right from the wrong. This often includes pursuing good habits in general, following duties that are considered favorable and the consequences that others might face because of one’s actions. Lastly, Applied ethics simply inv olves examining specific controversial issues, such as abortion, animal rights, environmental protection, homosexuality, capital punishment and chemical or nuclear wars. Although this branch looks quite simple but it has the highest opposition since opinions differ from person to person. For example, If a country starts discriminating against the immigrants of another country on the basis of race or religion than it is highly unethical of them in this developed world. Since the immigrants hold their rights to live freely there, basing differences on religion or on one’s race is prohibited in the civilized world. It is very important to know that reason is not the root for every answer. Although being rational and reasonable might help to achieve understanding of a certain situation but every situation at hand demands a different perspective. People argue that every right thing can be determined through reason, nevertheless that is not the case. It is futile to reason against something that is already established as a norm unless there is ample evidence that a change is needed. There are a lot of wrong things that need no reason, for instance hurting a human being or animal, using harmful means to acquire money or disrespecting elders. Likewise, there are uncountable right things that need no reason to perform, for instance loving and caring for ones parents, treating others respectfully, caring for human lives, living a healthy life and the

What effect did Hollywood's 'Golden Era' and the Studio System have on Dissertation

What effect did Hollywood's 'Golden Era' and the Studio System have on Film Production today - Dissertation Example ‘Motion pictures evolved from stage presentations when portable movie cameras were invented. â€Å"Magic Lantern† shows were popular in the late 19th century, but they required an artist to design and perform a show. The show itself could not be duplicated, merely moved to another venue. Thomas Edison invented the Kinetoscope, a box with a hand crank with which to run film over a lamp, similar to a â€Å"peep show†. Its limitations were obvious; the design limited the audience to one viewer. Louis Lemià ¨re improved on the Edison technology with a hand held motion picture camera which could feed a film through a claw device. Once the film was shot and developed, the camera acted as a projector, and in conjunction with the magic lantern, large audiences could view the film together.’ (Sklar, 1993, p.22-5) ‘At first, films served to bring distant places or recorded acts to vaudeville and burlesque shows. These films were brief, often only a minute or t wo. Travelogues and news dominated early film. At the same time projected movies developed, mass production newspapers became popular. In many ways, early film competed against newspapers and only supplemented stage shows.Motion pictures’ advantages included realism, global appeal, reproducibility, visual reports and propaganda value.’ (Sklar, 1993, p.26-7) ‘The urban environment of the early 20th century consisted of immigrants and a faster paced lifestyle compared to the farm. Industrialization sped life up a bit. A two minute news film could be viewed at a commuter train station, and the viewer did not need to know the language since the films were silent or accompanied by a musical score.’ (Sklar, 1993, p.28) ‘In the beginning of the film industry, the artistry of camera work was as much the spectacle as the scene itself, and time did not a flow naturally. Modern films move a story forward temporally while the first films were more analogous to i nstant replays, showing the action from differing angles.’ (Sklar, 1993, p.33) ‘The Brighton School of Filmmakers, a British group, experimented with and developed camera angles, moving camera shots, close-ups and point-of-view shots. This innovative technology allowed films to tell more compelling stories, and â€Å"modern† cinema was born. ‘(Sklar, 1993, p.37) ‘When films told stories, they competed with live stage, vaudeville and burlesque. Rather than embrace this innovation, vaudeville and burlesque rejected the new technology and films moved to permanent movie houses, theaters known as nickelodeons.’ (Sklar, 1993, p.47) Now entertainment and news were combined to compete in the urban market. The very early film industry was confused. Harold Lloyd wrote, directed, produced and starred in his own productions. Mack Senate produced and directed his films, but often wrote them as the cameras were rolling, an advantage in silent films. Howard H ughes bought the RKO studios, but kept his office at Goldwyn’s. The Golden Age of Hollywood served to organize and industrialize film making. In the Henry Ford image of mass production, producers and directors were meant to turn out volume. As movie houses began to win the competition with stage performances, and innovation such as talkies emerged, many old vaudeville performers entered the film industry as a more profitable means of entertaining. ‘Notably the Marx Brothers and other ensemble casts became movie stars. Irving Thalberg of MGM studios market researched his audience reactions by sending the Marx Brothers on the road to perform their musical

Role of Charged Lipids in Membrane Structure

Role of Charged Lipids in Membrane Structure An observation of BMC Bioinformatics Journal  on the Role of charged lipids in membrane structure In this journal, the experimenters make observations to note in saying that charged lipids play and important role in what they call a phenomenon. This includes lipid protein binding, membrane potential and membrane permeation (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). In this journal the experimenters note the following; effects of charged lipids on membrane properties and effect of charged lipids on membrane proteins (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). They then go on to note what they call the interplay between charged lipids and Nano sized molecules or particles (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). The objectives of the experimenters in this journal review and discuss the recent findings that describe charged lipids as active players in the membrane system (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). The experimenters in this journal will discuss how charged lipids affect membrane properties. Then further expand on how their charged nature comes into play in lipid-protein interactions (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). In further detail the experimenters focused on the recent simulation work done in the field and integrate the work in recent simulations with that of their own observations to experiments (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). The tested hypotheses in this journal is represented as testing Phosphatidylcholine (PS) for key players in preprogrammed cellular death as discussed by computer generated simulations about the properties of charged lipids (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). Who in turn also plays many roles in a variety of different processes. The experimenters noted that the null hypothesis was testing phosphatidylinositol (PI) which is often involved in the modulation of membrane receptors and their signaling processes and testing to see if there was any significant difference between the two variables due to their role in many biological processes (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). The materials and methods the experimenters introduce in this journal are preexisting scenarios. Having done their own research on charged lipids the experimenters inputted their data to continue the experimentation. The experimenters in this journal mention that that dependent variables are the various simulations of the (PS) (PI) that can get to the importance of atomistic details (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). The experimenters used the force fields for complex charged lipids as the independent variables to change or manipulate the experiment. Specifically mentioning than any model can only be as good as the underlying force field referencing Insight into the Properties of Cardiolipin Containing Bilayers from Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Using a Hybrid All-Atom/United-Atom Force Field. In this journal the experimenters reference several terms. These terms represent a few of the many biologically relevant processes where charged lipids are highlighted in the importance of understanding the function of charged lipids in cells (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016): Phosphatidylcholine or (PS): is one of the key players in programmed cell death and phosphatidylinositol or (PI): which is often involved in the modulation of membrane receptors and their signaling processes. Using already existing simulations the experimenters manipulate the force fields of the lipid bilayers in order to test the hypotheses. In this journal the results show that the experimenters have failed to reject the null hypothesis in determining that the simulation data has shown in what they refer to as a convincing manner that specific details are often important in determining the properties of charged lipids. It is not only the charge that matters. If it did, then lipids such as PS and PI would largely have the same effects, which is the not the case (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). The experimenters in this journal note that the (PI) lipids have been observed to cluster around several human RTKs and around EGFR and state the same could be said about the (PS) except that the (PI) has a better chance in interacting with proteins than the latter (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). The experimenters also note that the (PI) chemical details matter as well because the different properties of the (PI) lipids show. In conclusion the experimenters mention that (PS) (PI) have both had their fair share of attention in biology. The experimenters continue to state that when (PS) (PI) are incorporated into bilayers they have been shown to increase the ordering of phosphatidylcholine (PC) chains and state they stiffen the bilayers. The experimenters making a considerable note; state that there has been a great deal of a lack of attention being paid to diffusion. Or as they put it dynamics of charged lipids. Being specific in noting that there is a clear void for future research to fill (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). In this journal the experimenters mentioned that future work would be more than welcomed in this field stating that this field of study for complex charged lipids is not a simple feat when pertaining to force fields (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). Comparatively speaking, the experimenters state that it is difficult to find commonalities especially when the models being tested in various studies are based on different force fields. Lastly and concluding the journal the experimenters state that studies based on the same force field work would most likely have more reliable trends that are revealing and would be most welcome. References Cited Pà ¶yry, S. Vattulainen, I. (2016). Role of charged lipids in membrane structures Insight given by simulations. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Biomembranes, 1858(10), 2322-2333. D. Aguayo, F.D. Gonzalez-Nilo, C. Chipot, Insight into the properties of cardiolipin  containing bilayers from molecular dynamics simulations, using a hybrid all-atom/united-atom force field, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 8 (2012) 1765-1773. Abstract Reference: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.016

Comparing Courage and Cowardice in A Dolls House, Ghosts and Hedda Gab

Courage and Cowardice in A Doll's House, Ghosts and Hedda Gabler All successful drama consists of conflict, whether between or within characters. Henrik Ibsen's work, A Doll's House is no exception.   Ibsen's play studies Nora's early courage and her confirmation of that courage at the end of the play. Nora's strength of character in forging her father's signature on a loan, and the repercussions of that act, provide much of the driving force for the drama. But Nora's great choice remains until the last act. She speaks of "the most wonderful thing," she has countless opportunities to escape from her dilemma through the assistance of Krogstad or Rank, but it is not until the final pages of Act IV that her final decision, and that resounding door slam, emphasize Nora's final courageous choice to leave her husband and unhealthy marriage. If A Doll's House takes an early act of courage as its driving force, its successor, Ghosts, uses one of cowardice. Mrs. Alving's early failure to reveal her husband's true character and actions to his children provides the "tragic flaw" for t...

Rizal Life and Works

INTRODUCTIONRizal left Europe for Hong Kong, where he lived from November 1891 to June 1892. His reasons for leaving Europe were:life was unbearable in Europe because of his political differences with M.H. del Pilar and other Filipinos in Spain. to be near his idolized Philippines and family.FAREWELL TO EUROPERizal left Ghent for Paris on October 3, 1891He proceeded by train to Marseilles and on October 18, he boarded the steamer Melbourne bound for Hong Kong. He brought with him a letter of recommendation by Juan Luna for Manuel Camus, a compatriot living in Singapore, and 600 copies of the Fili Manuel Camus-During that time, he was a student and was made as a mason on October 12, 1898 at Zetland in the East Lodge No 508 in Singapore under the jurisdiction of the M. W. Grand Lodge of England. He then became a Senator of the Philippines on his later years. There were over 80 first class passengers – mostly Europeans, including 2 Spaniards He befriended many missionaries and on e of them is Fr. Fuchs, a Tyrolese, which he enjoyed playing chess with. He even wrote to Blumentritt saying: â€Å"..He is a fine fellow, a Father Damaso without pride and malice..†RIZAL AND THE GERMAN LADIESâ€Å"One evening at a dinner time the passengers were having their meal in the dining room. Rizal; being the only Asian, was eating alone at one table. Near him was a bigger table occupied by some German ladies who were gaily eating and gossiping about the lone Asian male who was quietly taking his meal. Rizal, who was fluent in German, understood what the talkative German ladies were saying about him, but he simply kept silent, letting the ladies enjoy their gossip.Suddenly the fast running steamer encountered a heavy  squall and the door of the dining room was blown open. Nobody among the passengers who were busy eating stood up to close the door. A lady said to her companions in German : â€Å"If this man in front of us were a gentleman he would close the doorâ⠂¬ . Upon hearing her remark, Rizal, without saying a word, rose and closed the door, after which he resumed his seat. He then conversed with German ladies in perfect German. Of course, the German ladies were very much embarrassed, and, thereafter they treated Rizal with admiration and respect, despite his brown skin, for he was a cultured gentleman.†ARRIVED IN HONG KONGNovember 20, 1891 – Rizal arrived in Hong KongHe was welcomed by the Filipino residents, especially his old friend, Jose Ma. Basa. He then established his residence at No. 5 D’ Aguilar Street, No. 2 Rednaxola Terrace, where he also opened his medical clinic. December 1, 1891 – he wrote his parents asking their permission to return home. On the same date, his brother-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo, sent him a letter, relating the sad news of the â€Å"deportation of twenty-five persons from Calamba, including father, Neneng, Sisa, Lucia, Paciano, and the rest of us.† Also stated in his le tter that he was preparing a letter to the Queen Regent of Spain explaining the Calamba situation in order to secure justice. Even saying such as : â€Å"If the Queen will not listen, we will write to Queen Victoria of England appealing for protection in the name of humanity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ FAMILY REUNION IN HONG KONGBefore Christmas of 1891, he was gladdened by the arrival of his father, brother and Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-law) in Hong Kong. Not long afterwards his mother and sisters Lucia, Josefa , and Trinidad also arrived. January 31, 1892 – he wrote to Blumentritt recounting their pleasant life in Hong Kong, as follows: â€Å"Here we are all living together, my parents, sisters, and brother in peace and far from persecutions they suffered in the Philippines. They are very much pleased with the English government.†OPHTHALMIC SURGEON IN HONG KONGDr. Lorenzo P. Marques – a friend and admirer who helped him to build up a wide clientele. He successfully o perated on his mother’s left eye so that she was able to read and write again. January 31, 1892 – writing to Blumentritt, he said :â€Å"Here I practise as a doctor and I have . . . Here many sick of influenza because there is an epidemic. Through the newspaper I am informed that this sickness is also causing ravages in Europe. I hope you and your esteemed family will be spared. In our house, my mother, my brother-in-law, and one of my sister are sick. Thank God, they are out of danger.† Rizal was given moral support and substantial aid in his medical practice in Hong Kong from some of his friends in Europe. Mr. Boustead (the father of Nelly Bousted)– wrote to him on March 21, 1892, praising him for his medical profession Dr. Ariston Bautista Lin – sent him a congratulatory letter and a book on Diagnostic Pathology by Dr. H. Virchow and another medical book entitled Traite Diagnostique by Mesnichock. Don Antonio Vergel de Dios – offered him his services for the purchase of medical books and instruments which he might need in his profession. Rizal possessed the qualities of a great ophthalmic surgeon. In the words of Dr. Geminiano de Ocampo, a distinguished Filipino ophthalmologist: â€Å"He had all the qualities that would make an ideal ophthalmic surgeon – a keen and analytical intellect, lightness of touch and artistry of a painter, courage and imperturbability, a broad and deep knowledge of medicine and ophthalmology, and last but not the least, he had been properly and adequately trained by master ophthalmic surgeons.†BORNEO COLONIZATION PROJECTRizal conceived the establishment of a Filipino colony in North Borneo (Sabah) He planned to move those Filipino families to that British-owned island and carve out of its virgin wilderness a â€Å"New Calamba† March 7, 1892 – he went to Sandakan on board the ship Menon to negotiate with the British authorities for the establishment of a Filipino colony. His mission was successful.The British Authorities of Borneo were willing to give the Filipino colonists, 100,000 acres of land, a beautiful harbor and a good government for 999 years, free of all charges. By April 20, he was back in Hong Kong.Rizal friends in Europe enthusiastically endorsed his Borneo colonization project. Lopez Jaena express his desire to join the project and wrote to Rizal saying:â€Å"I have a great desire of joining you. Reserve for me there a piece of land where I can plant sugarcane. I shall go there. . . to dedicate myself to the cultivation of sugarcane and the making of sugar. Send me further details.† Hidalgo, on the other hand, objected to the colonization project saying:â€Å"This idea about Borneo, is no good. Why should we leave the Philippines, this beautiful country of ours? And besides what will people say? Why have we made all these sacrifices? Why should we go to a foreign land without first exhausting all means for the welfare o f the country which nurtured us from our cradles? Tell me that!† The infamous Weyler, whom the Cubans called â€Å"The Butcher† was relieved of his gubernatorial office. A new governor general Eulogio Despujol, the Count of Caspe, announced to the Filipino people a fine program of government Rizal sent him a letter of felicitation (dated December 23, 1891) and offering his cooperation, but instead the governor did not even acknowledge receipt of his letter.Rizal wrote a second letter (dated March 21, 1892), in this second letter, he requested the governor general to permit the landless Filipinos to establish themselves in Borneo. Despujol, did not give Rizal the â€Å"courtesy of a reply†. Instead, he notified the Spanish consul general in Hong Kong to tell Rizal that he could not approve the Filipino immigration to Borneo, alleging that, â€Å"the Philippines lacked laborers† and â€Å"it was not very patriotic to go off and cultivate foreign soil† WRITINGS IN HONG KONGHe wrote â€Å"Ang Mga Karapatan Nang Tao† (a tagalog translation of â€Å"The Rights of Man† proclaimed by the French Revolution in 1789) About the same time (1891), he wrote â€Å"A la Nacion Espaà ±ola† (To the Spanish Nation), which is an  appeal to Spain to right the wrongs done to the Calamba tenants. Another proclamation, entitled â€Å"Sa Mga Kababayan† (To my Countrymen) was written in December 1891 explaining the Calamba agrarian situation. Rizal contributed articles to the British daily newspaper, The Hong Kong Telegraph, whose editor, Mr. Frazier Smith, was his friend.March 2, 1892 – Rizal wrote â€Å"Una Visita a la Victoria Gaol† (A Visit to Victoria Gaol), an account of his visit to the colonial prison of Hong Kong. In this article he contrasted the cruel Spanish prison system with the modern and more humane prison system. He wrote an article entitled â€Å"Colonisation du British North Borneo, par de Familles de Iles Philippines† (Colonization of British north Borneo by families from the Philippine Islands) to elucidate his Borneo colonization project He elaborated on the same idea in another article in Spanish, â€Å"Proyecto de Colonizacion del British North Borneo por los Filipinos† (Project of the Colonization of British North Borneo by the Filipinos) June 1892 – he wrote â€Å"La Mano Roja† (The Red Hand) which denounces the frequent outbreaks of intentional fires in Manila. â€Å"Constitution of the Liga Filipina†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ printed in 1892, was the most important writing made by Rizal during his Hong Kong sojourn To deceived the Spanish authorities, the printed copies carries the false information that the printing was done by the LONDON PRINTING PRESS, No. 25, Khulug Street, London. The idea of establishing the Liga Filipina was originally conceived by Jose Ma. Basa, but it was Rizal who wrote its constitution and realized its establishment .DECISION TO RETURN TO MANILAMay 1892 –Rizal made up his mind to return to Manila The decision was spurred by the following: 1.) To confer with Governor Despujol regarding his Borneo colonization project. 2.) To establish the Liga Filipina in Manila 3.) To prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid that he being comfortable and safe in Hong Kong, had abandoned the country’s cause. Lete’s attack which was printed in La Solidaridad on April 15, 1892, portrayed Rizal as cowardly, egoistic, opportunistic – a patriot in words  only. Rizal protested to Del Pilar saying:â€Å"I am more convinced that yourself to be carried away. Friend or enemy, if the article has harmed me, it would harm more the interests of the Philippines. Who knows, however, if after all it was for the best; it has shaken me awake, and long after a long silence I enter the field anew. .. I am going to activate the Propaganda again and fortify the Liga.† To Ponc e, Rizal confided on May 23, 1892:â€Å"I am very sorry that Del Pilar allowed the article to be published because it will lead many to believe that there is really a schism among us. I believe that we can well have little misunderstanding and personal differences among ourselves, without exhibiting them in public. . As for myself. . . I always welcome criticisms because they improve those who wish to be improved†LAST HONG KONG LETTERSOn June 19, 1892 he spent his 31st birthday in Hong Kong.Evidently, he had premonition of his death, for the following day, June 20 he wrote two letters which he sealed, inscribed in each envelop â€Å"to be opened after my death,† and gave them to his friend, Dr. Marques for safekeeping. The first letter was addressed TO MY PARENTS, BRETHREN, AND FRIENDS, is as follows:â€Å"The affection that I have ever professed for you suggests this step, and time alone can tell whether or not it is sensible. The outcome judges things according to t he consequences; but whether the result be favorable or unfavorable, it may always be said that duty urged me, so if I die in doing it, it will not matter.I realize how much suffering I have caused you yet I do not regret what I have done. Rather, if I had to begin over again I should do just the same, for what I have done has been only in pursuit of my duty. Gladly do I go to expose myself to peril, not as an expiation of misdeeds for in this matter I believe myself guiltless of any, but to complete my work and so that I, myself, may offer the examples of which I have always preached.A man ought to die for duty and his principles. I hold fast to every idea which I have advanced as to the condition and future of our country, and shall willingly die for it, and even more willingly sacrifice all to secure justice and peace for you. With pleasure, then, I risk life to save so many innocent persons – so many nieces and nephews, so many children of friends, and children too of oth ers who are not even friend – who are suffering on my account. What am I? A bachelor, practically without a family and sufficiently undeceived as to life. I have had many disappointments and the future before me is gloomy, and will be gloomy if light does not illuminate it with dawn of a better day for my native land.On the other hand, there are many persons, filled with hope and ambition, who perhaps might be happier if I were dead, and then I hope my enemies would be satisfied and stop persecuting so many entirely innocent people. To a certain extent their hatred is justifiable as to myself, and my parents and relatives. Should fate go against me, you will all understand that I shall die happy in the thought that my death will end all your troubles. Return to our country and may you be happy in it. Till the last moment of my life I shall be thinking of you and wishing you all good fortune and happiness.†The second letter was addressed TO THE FILIPINOS, and is as follo ws:â€Å"The step which I am taking, or rather am about to take, is undoubtedly risky, and it is unnecessary to say that I have considered it for some time. I understand that almost every one is opposed to it; but I know also that hardly anybody else understands what is in my heart. I cannot live on seeing so many suffer unjust persecution on my account; I cannot bear the sight of my sisters and their numerous families treated like criminals. I prefer death and cheerfully shall relinquish life to free so many innocent persons from such unjust persecution.I appreciate the fact that at present the future of our country gravitates in some degree around me, that at my death many will feel triumphant, and thus,  many are now wishing for my fall. But what of it? I hold duties of conscience above all else. I have obligations to the families who suffer, to my aged parents whose sight strikes me to the heart; I know that I alone, only my death can make them happy, returning them to their native land to a peaceful life at home. I am all my parents have, but our country has many more sons who can take my place and even do my work better.Besides I wish to show those who deny us the boon of patriotism that we know how to die for duty and principles. What matters death, if one dies for what one loves, for native land and beings held dear?If I thought that I were the only resource for the consummation of a policy of progress in the Philippines and were I convinced that my countrymen were going to make use of my services, perhaps, I should hesitate about taking this step; but there are others who can take my place, who can do my services that are not utilize, and I am reduced to inactivity.Always have I loved our unhappy land, and I am sure that I shall continue loving it till my last moment, in case men prove unjust to me. My career, my life, my happiness – and all I have sacrificed for love of it. Whatever my fate I shall die blessing it and longing for the dawn o f its redemption.June 21, 1892 – Rizal penned another letter in HK for Governor Despujol. In this letter, he informed the governor general of his coming to Manila and placed himself under the protection of the Spanish government. June 21, 1892 – (On the same date) Rizal and his sister Lucia left HK for Manila. They carried a special passport or â€Å"safe-conduct† issued by the Spanish consul-general in Hong Kong.RIZAL FALLS INTO SPANISH TRAPThe Spanish consul-general sent a cablegram to Governor Despujol that the victim â€Å"is in the trap†. On the same day a secret case was filed in Manila against Rizal and his followers â€Å"for anti-religious and anti-patriotic agitation† Despujol ordered his secretary, Luis de la Torre, to find out if  Rizal was naturalized as a German citizen, as was rumored, so that he might take proper action against on â€Å"who had the protection of a strong nation† Meanwhile, Rizal and his sister were peaceful ly crossing the China Sea. They were fully unaware of the Spanish duplicity.